In reporting findings from the phase 2b Insulin Liver Effect (ISLE-1) trial, the researchers also found that participants with a high baseline HbA1c assigned to hepatocyte-directed vesicle (HDV) insulin lispro experienced similar HbA1c reductions while using 25% less mealtime insulin with less hypoglycemia. HDV technology is designed to be mixed with any commercially available insulin to improve glycemic response, according to Diasome Pharmaceuticals.